// avcodec_sample.0.4.9.cpp

// A small sample program that shows how to use libavformat and libavcodec to
// read video from a file.
//
// This version is for the 0.4.9-pre1 release of ffmpeg. This release adds the
// av_read_frame() API call, which simplifies the reading of video frames 
// considerably. 
//
// Use
//
// g++ -o avcodec_sample.0.4.9 avcodec_sample.0.4.9.cpp -lavformat -lavcodec \
//     -lz
//
// to build (assuming libavformat and libavcodec are correctly installed on
// your system).
//
// Run using
//
// avcodec_sample.0.4.9 myvideofile.mpg
//
// to write the first five frames from "myvideofile.mpg" to disk in PPM
// format.

#include <avcodec.h>
#include <avformat.h>

#include <stdio.h>

void SaveFrame(AVFrame *pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame)
{
    FILE *pFile;
    char szFilename[32];
    int  y;

    // Open file
    sprintf(szFilename, "frame%d.ppm", iFrame);
    pFile=fopen(szFilename, "wb");
    if(pFile==NULL)
        return;

    // Write header
    fprintf(pFile, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", width, height);

    // Write pixel data
    for(y=0; y<height; y++)
        fwrite(pFrame->data[0]+y*pFrame->linesize[0], 1, width*3, pFile);

    // Close file
    fclose(pFile);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
    int             i, videoStream;
    AVCodecContext  *pCodecCtx;
    AVCodec         *pCodec;
    AVFrame         *pFrame; 
    AVFrame         *pFrameRGB;
    AVPacket        packet;
    int             frameFinished;
    int             numBytes;
    uint8_t         *buffer;

    // Register all formats and codecs
    av_register_all();

    // Open video file
    if(av_open_input_file(&pFormatCtx, argv[1], NULL, 0, NULL)!=0)
        return -1; // Couldn't open file

    // Retrieve stream information
    if(av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx)<0)
        return -1; // Couldn't find stream information

    // Dump information about file onto standard error
    dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, argv[1], false);

    // Find the first video stream
    videoStream=-1;
    for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
        if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO)
        {
            videoStream=i;
            break;
        }
    if(videoStream==-1)
        return -1; // Didn't find a video stream

    // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
    pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;

    // Find the decoder for the video stream
    pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
    if(pCodec==NULL)
        return -1; // Codec not found

    // Open codec
    if(avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec)<0)
        return -1; // Could not open codec

    // Hack to correct wrong frame rates that seem to be generated by some 
    // codecs
    // if(pCodecCtx->frame_rate>1000 && pCodecCtx->frame_rate_base==1)
    //    pCodecCtx->frame_rate_base=1000;

    // Allocate video frame
    pFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();

    // Allocate an AVFrame structure
    pFrameRGB=avcodec_alloc_frame();
    if(pFrameRGB==NULL)
        return -1;

    // Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer
    numBytes=avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width,
        pCodecCtx->height);
    buffer=new uint8_t[numBytes];

    // Assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in pFrameRGB
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, buffer, PIX_FMT_RGB24,
        pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

    // Read frames and save first five frames to disk
    i=0;
    while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet)>=0)
    {
        // Is this a packet from the video stream?
        if(packet.stream_index==videoStream)
        {
            // Decode video frame
            avcodec_decode_video(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, 
                packet.data, packet.size);

            // Did we get a video frame?
            if(frameFinished)
            {
                // Convert the image from its native format to RGB
                img_convert((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, PIX_FMT_RGB24, 
                    (AVPicture*)pFrame, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, 
                    pCodecCtx->height);

                // Save the frame to disk
                if(++i<=5)
                    SaveFrame(pFrameRGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 
                        i);
            }
        }

        // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame
        av_free_packet(&packet);
    }

    // Free the RGB image
    delete [] buffer;
    av_free(pFrameRGB);

    // Free the YUV frame
    av_free(pFrame);

    // Close the codec
    avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

    // Close the video file
    av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);

    return 0;
}